根据搜索结果,对于这样一个句子:In this paper we _____ the,我们可知we后可以接generalize/ verify/ reevaluate/ investigate/ propose/ compare/ present/ discuss/ explore/ describe/ demonstrate等动词,我们可以根据需要,填入相应的单词,是不是很简单?
谷歌学术支持多个通配符联合使用,每个*代表一个单词。搜索"in this paper we* the effect of **** on the",可以得到
根据搜索结果,可知in this paper we后面常接的词(在effect of之前)有report/ investigate/ examine/ estimate/ show/ propose/ compare/ investigate/ present/ discuss/ explore/ describe/ demonstrate等等。
我们还可以根据谷歌学术搜索结果来判断用词和搭配是否合理。例如,我们想写一个词组“XX随着XX的减少而增加”,我们可以搜索“增加”和“减少”的关键词并根据返回结果的数量来判断:
"increased with *decrease"约4万条
"increase with *decrease"约3万条
"increase with *decreasing"约7千条
"increased with *decreasing"约7千条
"increasing with *decrease"约3千条
"increasing with *decreasing"约2千条
"increased with *decreased"约2千条
"increase with *decreased"约5百条
"increasing with *decreased"约84条
由此可知,"increased with *decrease"和"increase with *decrease"这两种用法更常见一些。 优点:谷歌学术数据库最大最全,支持词段限定和通配符检索。强烈建议联合使用词段限定+通配符进行搜索。 缺点:包含大量英语为非母语人士所写论文,句子质量良莠不齐。国内上谷歌学术不方便。现在国内有很多网站提供了谷歌学术的镜像网站,需要的话可以自行搜索。 (2) Google Books 谷歌图书 https://books.google.com
谷歌图书搜索引擎可以检索上千万册图书内容,其中英文图书对我们写英文论文有很好的参考价值。使用方法类似于谷歌学术,在此不再赘述。 优点:英文图书的英文平均质量要比谷歌学术的好一些。 缺点:使用体验不如谷歌学术,某些书的检索结果显示不出来。 (3) 微软学术 https://academic.microsoft.com/
微软学术类似于谷歌学术,但数据库没有谷歌学术全,用户体验也差一些。 优点:国内用户不需要科学上网软件就能使用。 缺点:搜索结果少,不支持通配符。 (4) 百度学术 http://xueshu.baidu.com
百度学术类似于谷歌学术,但数据库没有谷歌学术全,用户体验也差一些。 优点:国内用户不需要科学上网软件就能使用。 缺点:搜索结果比谷歌学术少,不支持通配符。 2. 专业语料库 (1) COCA 美国当代英语语料库 https://corpus.byu.edu/coca/
美国当代英语语料库(Corpus of Contemporary American English,简称COCA)是目前最大的免费英语语料库,也是第一个大型的语料平衡的美国英语语料库。语料库由包含4.5亿词的文本构成,文本分为口语、小说、流行杂志、报纸以及学术文章五种不同的文体,各占库容的20%。
COCA提供了多种查询模式。例如选择Collocates(上下文限定)模式,可以查询in this paper we这个词组后面2个单词之内所接的所有动词。在Collocates后面有一个POS(词性)选项,选择verb.ALL(即所有动词)。
优点:使用简单。 缺点:学术英语内容很少,比较适合查询一个单词的搭配用法,词组查询效果不理想,不支持通配符等高级查询。 (2) Textranch https://textranch.com/sentence-checker/ 比较两个单词、短语或者句子哪一个更常用
在首页的两个搜索框分别输入两个单词、短语或者句子进行查询,通过返回结果中包含所查询的单词命中次数多少来判断哪一种用法更常见。
例如,比较两个词组“increase of the decrease”和“increase of the decline”的使用频率。
in this paper we present
in this paper we have
in this paper we will
in this paper we describe
in this paper we consider
in this paper we propose
in this paper we discuss
in this paper we study
in this paper we show
in this paper we use
in this paper we focus
in this paper we investigate
in this paper we report
in this paper we introduce
in this paper we examine
in this paper we are
in this paper we address
in this paper we shall
in this paper we develop
in this paper we give
in this paper we explore
in this paper we analyze
in this paper we extend
in this paper we provide
in this paper we presented
in this paper we outline
in this paper we prove
in this paper we review
in this paper we argue
in this paper we demonstrate
in this paper we assume
in this paper we concentrate
in this paper we do
in this paper we take
in this paper we first
in this paper we apply
in this paper we compare
in this paper we define
in this paper we analyse
in this paper we only
in this paper we derive
in this paper we attempt
in this paper we deal
in this paper we suggest
in this paper we try
in this paper we look
in this paper we make
in this paper we want
in this paper we restrict
in this paper we construct
in this paper we evaluate
in this paper we also
in this paper we proposed
可以查看按照词频顺序排列的紧接in this paper we的最常用单词,点击可以查看部分例句。 ...(省略号,英文半角)表示匹配多个单词,例如搜索due to...the,得到
due to changes in the
due to all the
due to differences in the
due to one of the
due to the way the
due to problems with the
due to both the
due to the fact the
due to circumstances beyond the
due to variations in the
due to all of the
due to some of the [](方括号,英文半角)表示比较[]内多个单词的使用频率。例如,搜索resulting [in of to],得到resulting in频率是7百万,resulting to是2万3千,resulting of是8千5百。由此可见,resulting in最常用。
we have recently频率33万,recently we have频率7万,we recently have频率是5千,recently have we频率是4千,have we recently频率是2百。由此可见,we have recently最常用。 优点:提供多种检索方式,支持通配符。 缺点:不专门针对学术英语,含有大量非学术英语内容。每项只能查看20多条例句。 (4) Linggle 单词短语搭配用法 http://linggle.com/? 通配符:*(星号,英文半角)通配一个单词;_(下划线,英文半角)通配多个单词。
例如,搜索we present a *(注意星号前需要有空格),得到(词组使用频率多少以红色线的长短表示)
we present a method for
we present a method to
we present a method of
we present a method that
we present a method which
we present a method based
we present a method by
we present a method called
we present a method and,等等。
搜索we present a _(注意下划线前需要有空格),得到
we present a selection
we present a new
we present a simple
we present a novel
we present a method
we present a model
we present a brief
we present a general
we present a detailed
we present a case
we present a framework
we present a summary
we present a number,等等。 ?(问号,英文半角):在不确定的单词前加问号,表示查询是否需要这个单词。例如,搜索was measured ?by using(即不确定是否需要用by),返回结果was measured using频率8万5千,was measured by using频率7千1百。可见was measured using更常用一些。
this study strongly suggest that
this study clearly indicate that
this study clearly demonstrate that
this study further suggest that等等。 优点:提供多种检索方式,支持通配符,查询用词搭配非常方便。 缺点:不专门针对学术英语,含有大量非学术英语内容。对查看例句很不友好,没有高亮关键词,每项只能查看10条例句,而且例句经常和关键词对不上。 4. 专门的例句查询网站 (1) Ludwig 例句检索 https://ludwig.guru/
输入关键词组in this paper we *(*为通配符),以例句的形式返回搜索结果。
优点:可以提供分类句库(付费用户),支持单个通配符。 缺点:不支持多个通配符,只能参看30条例句。非付费用户查询次数受限制,铂金用户39美元/年。 (2) 句库 输入关键词查询例句 http://www.jukuu.com/index.php
国人开发的网站,输入关键词(例如in this paper we)后,以双语例句的形式返回检索结果。
优点:有中英文双语例句。 缺点:双语例句的英文例句质量不高(中国人所写),不支持通配符。 (4) 句易数据 输入关键词查询例句 http://www.scijuyi.com
国人开发的网站,专门针对英语科技论文写作。输入关键词后,以英文例句的形式返回检索结果。它的使用办法和谷歌学术很相似,但是对语料进行了挑选(以英语为母语的语料为主),并细分了各个专业的句库。
例如,在句易数据首页上选择“医学句库”,搜索in this paper we * the(*星号为通配符),可得